A lack of representation in clinical trials contributes to a global misunderstanding of the pathophysiology and sex-specific symptoms of heart failure and how they present in women.
Knowledge Gaps & Consequences1
Lower quality of life, poor risk factor management and measures of primary prevention.
Lack of sex-specific data and guidelines on appropriate medications and their respective doses.
Higher rates of medication-related adverse events or complications.
Lack of sex-specific criteria for device intervention.
Higher rates of adverse LV remodeling.
References
- Carolyn S.P. Lam, Clare Arnott, Anna L. Beale, Chanchal Chandramouli, Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner, David M. Kaye, Bonnie Ky, Bernadet T. Santema, Karen Sliwa, Adriaan A. Voors (2019) Sex differences in heart failure. European Heart Journal (2019); 40, 3859–3868. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz835
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